Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 98

会议视频 8

年份

2024 1

2023 7

2022 7

2021 13

2020 17

2019 7

2018 6

2017 10

2016 2

2015 3

2014 7

2013 2

2012 3

2011 4

2010 2

2009 3

2008 2

2007 1

2006 2

2004 1

展开︾

关键词

医学 6

医学教育 5

人工智能 3

全民健康 3

发展战略 3

3D生物打印 2

医疗 2

医疗器械 2

医药卫生 2

增材制造 2

工程伦理学 2

支架 2

智能制造 2

颠覆性技术 2

2021全球工程前沿 1

2035 1

3D 打印 1

3D打印 1

HBV相关疾病 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

The unregulated commercialization of stem cell treatments: a global perspective

Douglas Sipp

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 348-355 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0150-x

摘要： Research into the biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells has spurred strong public investment, industry development, media coverage, and patient interest in recent years. To date, however, few clinical applications of demonstrated safety and efficacy have been developed with the exception of uses of hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of diseases of the blood and immune systems. This lack of an evidence basis notwithstanding, hundreds of companies and private clinics around the world now sell putative stem cell treatments for an enormously broad range of medical and quality-of-life conditions. This represents a major challenge for legitimate scientists working in the field, for authorities seeking to protect their constituencies, and for patients and consumers targeted by such companies’ marketing strategies. In this review, I provide an overview of the global industry in pseudomedical stem cell treatments, with an investigation of claims in a single disease area (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and make recommendations for the introduction and enforcement of appropriate regulatory responses to this problem.

关键词： stem cell tourism medical ethics stem cell policy and regulation alternative medicine

HTML PDF 收藏

Raising Standards of Engineering Ethics through Student Teams

Wei Dong,Hu Cheng,Yuan Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 402-405 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014047

摘要： Reducing the frequency of engineering accidents is a “people’s responsibility.” Increased attention to engineering ethics is inevitable. Engineering ethics are a stance, attitude or outlook, not easily learned by lectures. This article explores the utility of student teamwork by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior and acknowledging the benefits of professional knowledge and professional ethics possessed by the professional teachers, under professional teacher guidance, in order to improve levels of engineering education ethics. There are 5 key points: ① team member recruitment standards; ② team size; ③ team name and motto; ④ team group activities; ⑤ extending the spirit into the post-graduate period.

关键词： engineering ethic professional teachers students’ team engineering management

HTML PDF 收藏

面向中国实践的工程管理伦理研究

方东平 ,李文琪 ,张恒力 ,刘合

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 187-196 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.023

摘要：

新时期中国工程实践面临更加尖锐复杂的时代性伦理问题，而当前工程管理伦理水平滞后于工程建设的发展要求，成为阻碍伦理问题有效解决的重要因素，不利于我国工程向好、向善、高质量发展。为此，在理论分析、案例调研和专家研讨的基础上，本文结合工程管理者在我国工程实践中的重要地位，分析了围绕工程师展开的工程伦理在我国实践中的不完全适用性，阐述了转变核心伦理主体、开展工程管理伦理研究的必要趋向，凝练了工程管理伦理微观、中观、宏观3 个层次的内涵，探讨了工程对社会与环境的负面影响及相应伦理问题的成因，呈现了工程演化视角下工程管理伦理问题的动态性与发展性，提出了工程管理者在实践中应遵循的五项基本伦理原则。为推动我国工程管理伦理建设，研究建议，通过工程管理伦理教育培训，培育和激励工程管理者增强伦理意识，积极承担伦理责任，提升道德能力，涵育伦理领导力，发挥伦理智慧；推广与应用工程管理伦理指南，指导工程全生命周期中伦理问题的解决，从而推动社会整体伦理环境的改善。

关键词：工程管理伦理；工程向善；管理伦理指南；伦理领导力；伦理智慧

HTML PDF 收藏

工程共同体视角下的工程伦理学研究

王进

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第11期页码 97-102

摘要：

微观工程伦理学着重关注工程师个人的责任伦理和职业伦理，科技进步的日新月异助推工程创造与社会发展间的双螺旋上升更加广泛快捷，同时工程对人类和自然的影响却呈现脱缰之势，从工程共同体的群体视角“全景式”地建构宏观工程伦理学势在必行。这一宏观转向涵盖4 个方面的内容：工程整体与社会的关系，工程师在更广阔社会语境下的职业责任，工程决策在社会政治层面的影响以及工程在为子孙后代提供优质永续环境方面所做的努力。这有助于工程师更好地践行“利用其知识和技能促进人类福利”的伦理准则，并使工程能同时满足人类对“近用”的期待和对“远用”的关怀。

关键词：工程伦理学工程共同体宏观微观

HTML PDF 收藏

开展工程伦理学研究增强工程师责任意识

李世新

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第2期页码 88-93

摘要：

工程伦理学是20世纪后期兴起的一门交叉学科。文章首先分析了把技术开发与技术使用分开，从而回避工程师责任的做法，进而剖析了认为工程是科学的应用和工程是实现社会价值的简单工具等观点，指出工程与伦理密切相关，工程师应当增强责任意识。

关键词：工程工程伦理学工程师责任

HTML PDF 收藏

A literature review of perishable medical resource management

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 710-726 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0278-9

摘要： In recent decades, healthcare providers have faced mounting pressure to effectively manage highly perishable and limited medical resources. This article offers a comprehensive review of supply chain management pertaining to such resources, which include transplantable organs and healthcare products. The review encompasses 93 publications from 1990 to 2022, illustrating a discernible upward trajectory in annual publications. The surveyed literature is categorized into three levels: Strategic, tactical, and operational. Key problem attributes and methodologies are analyzed through the assessment of pertinent publications for each problem level. Furthermore, research on service innovation, decision analytics, and supply chain resilience elucidates potential areas for future research.

关键词： perishable medical resources organ transplant healthcare products decision analytics operations management

HTML PDF 收藏

Effectiveness of preventive medicine education and its determinants among medical students in Malaysia

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 91-100 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0428-0

摘要：

Preventive medicine has been incorporated in the medical school curriculum, but its effectiveness and the factors that affect it are yet to be widely looked into in the context of Malaysia. We aimed to measure the familiarity with, perception about the importance to learn, and the ability to practice preventive medicine as well as its determinants among the medical students in Malaysia. Thus, a cross sectional study was conducted through an anonymous online survey among 387 randomly selected final year medical students of four large public medical schools in Malaysia from March to September 2014. Of the total sample, only 340 (response rate 87.8%) gave a written informed consent and took part in the survey. The familiarity of the sample with preventive medicine was measured in 19 preventive medicine areas, and their perception about the importance of preventive medicine and their ability to practice it were gauged on a Likert scale (low score indicates disagreement and high indicates agreement). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by logistic regression. The mean age of the respondents was 23.7 (SD 0.77) years, and 61.2% (n = 208) of them were females. Results showed that 22.9% of the sample (n= 78) had a low familiarity with preventive medicine, whereas 76.8% (n = 261) had a high familiarity. The study sample specified that among all the preventive medicine subjects, screening and control as well as smoking cessation and immunization are “extremely important to learn.” In univariable analysis, being a female, medical school, family size, and perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine were associated with the ability to practice it. In multivariable analysis, the perception towards the importance to learn preventive medicine was the only significant determinant: aOR (adjusted odds ratio) for those who “agreed” 17.28 (95% CI aOR 4.44 – 67.26, P<0.001) and for “strongly agreed” 35.87 (95% CI aOR 8.04 – 159.87, P<0.001). Considering these findings, the familiarity of medical students with preventive medicine should be increased. The perception about the importance to learn preventive medicine is a strong determinant for the ability to practice it.

关键词： preventive medicine medical school medical students

HTML PDF 收藏

我国人工智能伦理监管需求分析及对策研究

刘露,杨晓雷,高文

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 106-112 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.006

摘要：

人工智能（ AI）产业高速发展，伴生了多种社会伦理风险，且相关后果已经逐步显现；让人类在充分安全的条件下享用智能技术带来的有利收益，成为 AI 监管过程的重要任务。本文从 AI 伦理焦点问题着手，对智能技术的机器权利与人权分配、社会信任危机、数据及算法安全性、确权与责任归属等已经出现的风险问题进行细致梳理；总结了国内外 AI 产业的发展路径和政策现状，据此多维度开展我国 AI 领域伦理监管的需求分析。研究认为，应根据 AI 技术进展，分阶段延伸 AI 治理的监管范围；建立伦理、法律、政策相结合的多维度监管框架，提供相对充分的社会言论空间，确保各利益相关方参与 AI 安全公共讨论；有序完善多层级的科技伦理监管组织机构，积极参与 AI 国际规则制定，为我国 AI 产业的全球化发展机遇创造良好条件。

关键词：人工智能治理架构伦理监管伦理委员会

HTML PDF 收藏

Discussion of solutions to ethical issues in real-world study

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 316-320 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0354-y

摘要：

In recent years, the paradigm of real-world study (RWS) has been at the forefront of clinical research worldwide, particularly in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, basic features and nature of real-world clinical studies are discussed, and ethical issues in different stages of RWS are raised and reviewed. Moreover, some preliminary solutions to these issues, such as protecting subjects during the process of RWS and performing ethical review, are presented based on recent practices and basic ethical rules to improve the scientific validity and ethical level of RWS.

关键词： real-world study ethics strategy

HTML PDF 收藏

Attitude toward preventive counseling and healthy practices among medical students at a Colombian university

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 251-259 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0393-z

摘要：

Unhealthy behaviors of medical students influence their attitudes toward preventive counseling. The burden of chronic diseases is continually growing in developing countries, emphasizing the need for the increased role of general practitioners in preventive counseling. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of medical training on the risk profiles and attitudes of medical students toward preventive counseling in a Colombian university. Students in their first and fifth years of training were surveyed using the “Healthy Doctor= Healthy Patient” questionnaire to assess counseling attitudes; personal practices, such as risky drinking, smoking, inadequate nutrition, and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations; and the university environment. The association among these components was estimated, as well as the effect of the university environment. Risky drinking and smoking decreased from first to fifth year (59.3% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.021 and 31.5% vs. 25.9%, P = 0.51, respectively), whereas inadequate nutrition and non-compliance with physical activity recommendations increased. Physical activity (PA) was associated with positive counseling attitude (ORs: nutrition 7.6; alcohol 5.2; PA 10.6). Areas governed by institutional policies that are emphasized in the curriculum positively affected student practices. PA promoted preventive counseling and healthy lifestyles most effectively. Universities should therefore strengthen their preventive medicine curricula and modify social determinants.

关键词： lifestyle medical students preventive medicine counseling universities schools medical

HTML PDF 收藏

增材制造技术的医疗应用进展 Review

李春旭, Dario Pisignano, 赵宇, 薛佳佳

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第11期页码 1222-1231 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.018

摘要：

在过去的几十年间，增材制造（additive manufacturing, AM）技术可低成本、高效益地制造几何外形复杂的物体，在医疗行业得到了快速的发展和广泛的应用。在本文中，我们讨论了AM技术在制药学、医用植入物和医疗器械领域中的最新应用进展。口服和透皮给药的药物可以通过多种AM技术制备，不同类型的软硬医用植入物也可通过AM技术实现组织工程结构的制作。此外，利用AM技术还发明了用于诊断和治疗各种病理情况的医疗器械。越来越多的研究揭示了AM技术在医疗应用中的巨大潜力。本文目的是阐述AM技术在医学领域的应用进展以及目前的局限性。

关键词：增材制造医疗应用制药学医用植入物医疗器械

HTML PDF 收藏

Methodological challenges to human medical study

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 328-336 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0359-6

摘要：

With the transformation of modern medicinal pattern, medical studies are confronted with methodological challenges. By analyzing two methodologies existing in the study of physical matter system and information system, the article points out that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially the treatment based on syndrome differentiation, embodies information conception of methodological positions, while western medicine represents matter conception of methodological positions. It proposes a new way of thinking about combination of TCM and western medicine by combinating two kinds of methodological methods.

关键词： medical paradigm traditional Chinese medicine western medicine scientific view scientific methodology

HTML PDF 收藏

Primary health care for all by 2020: The systematic reform of the medical and health system in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 3-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0024-7

HTML PDF 收藏

Thanks to all medical workers fighting against COVID-19

Xiao-ping Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 249-250 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0789-2

HTML PDF 收藏

Therapeutic effect of medical glue combined with the great omentum in severe tunica muscularis injury

REN Peitu, LU Baochun, RUAN Xinxian, CHEN Zhiliang, MA Yuliang, FU Hong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 143-146 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0027-9

摘要： Twenty-seven patients with severe colon trauma treated in the Shaoxing People’s Hospital from 1995 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with severe tunica muscularis injury were treated by medical glue combined with the greater omentum during operations. The initial result was encouraging. All patients were cured with no anastomotic leakage or abscess. Therefore, reasonable use of medical glue combined with the greater omentum can not only improve the curative rate but also reduces postoperative complications for patients with colon injury.

关键词： abscess initial muscularis anastomotic medical